Hexamethylenediamine

Molecular Structure

Molecular Details

Molecular Formula	H₂N(CH₂)₆NH₂
Molecular Weight	116.21 g/mol
State	Solid at standard conditions

Olefinverbund Integration

Chemistry & Engineering

Reaction Equation	NC(CH₂)₄CN + 4H₂ → H₂N(CH₂)₆NH₂
Thermodynamics	Exothermic hydrogenation
Catalyst System	Raney Nickel or Cobalt
Reactor Class	High pressure trickle bed
Process Considerations	Intermediate for the strongest nylon polymer.

Extraterrestrial Production Pattern

1. Butadiene hydrocyanation → adiponitrile (Invista process)
2. Alternative: acrylonitrile electrodimerization
3. Adiponitrile hydrogenation over Raney Ni or Co catalyst
4. Distillation under reduced pressure

Applications

• Nylon 6,6 production
• Epoxy curing agents
• Corrosion inhibitors
• Chelating agents

Reaction Diagram

Overall Reaction: NC(CH2)4CN + 4H2 -> H2N(CH2)6NH2

Unit Operations

Process steps following chemical engineering unit operation principles:

Step	Operation	Description
1	Adiponitrile Feed	Pump ADN to hydrogenation reactor
2	Catalytic Hydrogenation	Co or Ni catalyst at 100-150°C, 30 bar
3	Ammonia Removal	Strip NH₃ from crude product
4	Distillation	Vacuum distillation for purification
5	Stabilization	Add antioxidant for stability
6	Handling	Handle under nitrogen due to reactivity

S88 Batch Control Model

This module follows the ISA-88 (S88) batch control standard. Below is a simplified BatchML schema for educational purposes:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ISA-88 Batch Control Model for Hexamethylenediamine -->
<!-- Educational schema - simplified for demonstration -->
<BatchML xmlns="http://www.wbf.org/xml/B2MML-V0600">
  
  <ProcessCell ID="HMDA_PLANT_CELL">
    <Description>Process cell for Hexamethylenediamine production</Description>
    
    <Unit ID="HMDA_PLANT">
      <Description>Main synthesis unit</Description>
      
      <!-- Equipment Modules -->
      <EquipmentModule ID="PUMP">
        <Description>Pump</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="HYDROGENATOR">
        <Description>Hydrogenator</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="STRIPPER">
        <Description>Stripper</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="VACUUM_COLUMN">
        <Description>Vacuum Column</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="STABILIZER">
        <Description>Stabilizer</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="PACKAGING">
        <Description>Packaging</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
    </Unit>
  </ProcessCell>
  
  <MasterRecipe ID="HMDA_PLANT_RECIPE">
    <Description>Master recipe for Hexamethylenediamine</Description>
    <ProductID>HEXAMETHYLENEDIAMINE</ProductID>
    
    <UnitProcedure ID="HMDA_PLANT_UP">
      <Description>Unit procedure for synthesis</Description>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_01">
        <Description>Operation 1</Description>
        <Phase ID="FEED">
          <Description>Feed phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_02">
        <Description>Operation 2</Description>
        <Phase ID="HYDROGENATE">
          <Description>Hydrogenate phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_03">
        <Description>Operation 3</Description>
        <Phase ID="STRIP_NH3">
          <Description>Strip Nh3 phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_04">
        <Description>Operation 4</Description>
        <Phase ID="DISTILL">
          <Description>Distill phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_05">
        <Description>Operation 5</Description>
        <Phase ID="STABILIZE">
          <Description>Stabilize phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_06">
        <Description>Operation 6</Description>
        <Phase ID="HANDLE">
          <Description>Handle phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
    </UnitProcedure>
  </MasterRecipe>
  
</BatchML>

**Key S88 Concepts:**
- **Process Cell**: The physical grouping containing all equipment for this process
- **Unit**: The major equipment that performs the synthesis
- **Equipment Modules**: Individual pieces of equipment (reactors, columns, etc.)
- **Unit Procedure**: The sequence of operations to produce the product
- **Phases**: The lowest level of procedural control (e.g., REACT, SEPARATE, PURIFY)

Key S88 Concepts:
• Process Cell: Physical grouping containing all equipment
• Unit: Major equipment performing synthesis
• Equipment Modules: Individual pieces (reactors, columns, etc.)
• Phases: Lowest level of procedural control (REACT, SEPARATE, etc.)

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This Synthesis Module is part of the 100chemicals Olefinverbund — an integrated chemical production network designed for extraterrestrial civilization on Moon and Mars.