Acrylonitrile

CH₂=CHCN · 53.06 g/mol

CH₂=CHCN

Monomer for acrylic fibers, ABS, and nitrile rubber

Molecular Weight

53.06 g/mol

State

Liquid

Catalyst

Bismuth-Molybdates

Reactor

Fluidized bed to handle

Acrylonitrile molecular structure — 2D structure

Olefinverbund Integration

Inputs

Propylene, Ammonia, **Oxygen** (Feedstock)

→

Product

Acrylonitrile

→

Outputs

Acrylic Fibers, ABS, Adiponitrile

Chemistry & Engineering

Reaction	`C₃H₆ + NH₃ + 1.5 O₂ → C₃H₃N + 3H₂O (Sohio Process)`
Thermodynamics	Highly exothermic ammoxidation
Catalyst	Bismuth-Molybdates
Reactor class	Fluidized bed to handle heat removal
Note	Key precursor to carbon fiber.

Applications

Acrylic fibers (clothing, textiles)
ABS and SAN plastics
Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)
Adiponitrile for nylon 6,6

Extraterrestrial Production Pattern

Propylene + NH₃ + O₂ over Bi-Mo oxide catalyst
Operating at 400-510°C in fluidized bed reactor
Quenching and absorption in water
Distillation for purification

Reaction Diagram

C3H6 + NH3 + 3/2 O2 -> C3H3N + 3H2O

Unit Operations

Process steps following chemical engineering unit operation principles

#	Operation	Description
1	Feed Mixing	Mix propylene, ammonia, and air
2	Ammoxidation	Fluidized-bed reactor with Bi-Mo catalyst at 400-510°C
3	Quenching	Cool effluent with dilute H₂SO₄ to neutralize NH₃
4	Absorption	Absorb acrylonitrile in water
5	Acetonitrile Recovery	Recover HCN and acetonitrile co-products
6	Purification	Distill to >99.5% acrylonitrile

S88 Batch Control Model

ISA-88 BatchML schema — simplified for educational purposes

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ISA-88 Batch Control Model for Acrylonitrile -->
<!-- Educational schema - simplified for demonstration -->
<BatchML xmlns="http://www.wbf.org/xml/B2MML-V0600">
  
  <ProcessCell ID="ACRYLONITRILE_PLANT_CELL">
    <Description>Process cell for Acrylonitrile production</Description>
    
    <Unit ID="ACRYLONITRILE_PLANT">
      <Description>Main synthesis unit</Description>
      
      <!-- Equipment Modules -->
      <EquipmentModule ID="MIXER">
        <Description>Mixer</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="REACTOR">
        <Description>Reactor</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="QUENCH_COLUMN">
        <Description>Quench Column</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="ABSORBER">
        <Description>Absorber</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="RECOVERY_COLUMN">
        <Description>Recovery Column</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="PRODUCT_COLUMN">
        <Description>Product Column</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
    </Unit>
  </ProcessCell>
  
  <MasterRecipe ID="ACRYLONITRILE_PLANT_RECIPE">
    <Description>Master recipe for Acrylonitrile</Description>
    <ProductID>ACRYLONITRILE</ProductID>
    
    <UnitProcedure ID="ACRYLONITRILE_PLANT_UP">
      <Description>Unit procedure for synthesis</Description>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_01">
        <Description>Operation 1</Description>
        <Phase ID="MIX">
          <Description>Mix phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_02">
        <Description>Operation 2</Description>
        <Phase ID="AMMOXIDIZE">
          <Description>Ammoxidize phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_03">
        <Description>Operation 3</Description>
        <Phase ID="QUENCH">
          <Description>Quench phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_04">
        <Description>Operation 4</Description>
        <Phase ID="ABSORB">
          <Description>Absorb phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_05">
        <Description>Operation 5</Description>
        <Phase ID="RECOVER">
          <Description>Recover phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_06">
        <Description>Operation 6</Description>
        <Phase ID="PURIFY">
          <Description>Purify phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
    </UnitProcedure>
  </MasterRecipe>
  
</BatchML>

Process CellPhysical grouping of all production equipment

UnitMajor equipment performing the synthesis

Equipment ModulesIndividual devices: reactors, columns, absorbers

PhasesLowest control level: REACT, SEPARATE, PURIFY

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