Carbon Monoxide

CO · 28.01 g/mol

Syngas component and carbonylation reagent

Molecular Weight

28.01 g/mol

State

Gas

Catalyst

Nickel (RWGS) or Ceramic

Reactor

Solid Oxide Electrolyzer

Carbon Monoxide molecular structure — 2D structure

Olefinverbund Integration

Inputs

**Carbon Dioxide** (Feedstock)

→

Product

Carbon Monoxide

→

Outputs

Methanol, Acetic Acid, Phosgene, Butanol, Formic Acid

Chemistry & Engineering

Reaction	`CO₂ Electrolysis (SOEC) or RWGS`
Thermodynamics	Endothermic splitting
Catalyst	Nickel (RWGS) or Ceramic Cathode (SOEC)
Reactor class	Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Stack
Note	Primary vector to energize CO2 for chemical use.

Applications

Syngas for chemicals (methanol, FT)
Carbonylation reactions (acetic acid)
Metal reduction
Phosgene production

Extraterrestrial Production Pattern

Reverse water-gas shift: CO₂ + H₂ → CO + H₂O
Solid oxide electrolysis of CO₂
Partial oxidation of hydrocarbons
Membrane separation for purification

Reaction Diagram

C + 1/2 O2 -> CO (or CH4 + H2O -> CO + 3H2)

Unit Operations

Process steps following chemical engineering unit operation principles

#	Operation	Description
1	Feed Preparation	Prepare methane or coal feed
2	Steam Reforming	Ni catalyst at 800-1000°C, 15-30 bar
3	Water-Gas Shift	Adjust CO/H₂ ratio with WGS reaction
4	CO₂ Removal	Amine scrubbing or PSA for CO₂
5	Cryogenic Separation	Separate pure CO from H₂
6	Compression	Compress CO for pipeline/storage

S88 Batch Control Model

ISA-88 BatchML schema — simplified for educational purposes

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ISA-88 Batch Control Model for Carbon Monoxide -->
<!-- Educational schema - simplified for demonstration -->
<BatchML xmlns="http://www.wbf.org/xml/B2MML-V0600">
  
  <ProcessCell ID="SYNGAS_CO_CELL">
    <Description>Process cell for Carbon Monoxide production</Description>
    
    <Unit ID="SYNGAS_CO">
      <Description>Main synthesis unit</Description>
      
      <!-- Equipment Modules -->
      <EquipmentModule ID="FEED_SYSTEM">
        <Description>Feed System</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="REFORMER">
        <Description>Reformer</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="SHIFT_REACTOR">
        <Description>Shift Reactor</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="ABSORBER">
        <Description>Absorber</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="COLD_BOX">
        <Description>Cold Box</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="COMPRESSOR">
        <Description>Compressor</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
    </Unit>
  </ProcessCell>
  
  <MasterRecipe ID="SYNGAS_CO_RECIPE">
    <Description>Master recipe for Carbon Monoxide</Description>
    <ProductID>CARBON_MONOXIDE</ProductID>
    
    <UnitProcedure ID="SYNGAS_CO_UP">
      <Description>Unit procedure for synthesis</Description>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_01">
        <Description>Operation 1</Description>
        <Phase ID="PREP">
          <Description>Prep phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_02">
        <Description>Operation 2</Description>
        <Phase ID="REFORM">
          <Description>Reform phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_03">
        <Description>Operation 3</Description>
        <Phase ID="SHIFT">
          <Description>Shift phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_04">
        <Description>Operation 4</Description>
        <Phase ID="REMOVE_CO2">
          <Description>Remove Co2 phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_05">
        <Description>Operation 5</Description>
        <Phase ID="SEPARATE">
          <Description>Separate phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_06">
        <Description>Operation 6</Description>
        <Phase ID="COMPRESS">
          <Description>Compress phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
    </UnitProcedure>
  </MasterRecipe>
  
</BatchML>

Process CellPhysical grouping of all production equipment

UnitMajor equipment performing the synthesis

Equipment ModulesIndividual devices: reactors, columns, absorbers

PhasesLowest control level: REACT, SEPARATE, PURIFY

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