Cyclohexane

C₆H₁₂ · 84.16 g/mol

C₆H₁₂

Intermediate for nylon production

Molecular Weight

84.16 g/mol

State

Liquid

Catalyst

Nickel or Platinum

Reactor

Liquid phase or Vapor ph

Cyclohexane molecular structure — 2D structure

Olefinverbund Integration

Inputs

Benzene, **Hydrogen** (Feedstock)

→

Product

Cyclohexane

→

Outputs

Cyclohexanone, Adipic Acid, Caprolactam

Chemistry & Engineering

Reaction	`C₆H₆ + 3H₂ → C₆H₁₂`
Thermodynamics	Exothermic hydrogenation
Catalyst	Nickel or Platinum
Reactor class	Liquid phase or Vapor phase fixed bed
Note	High purity required for Nylon chain.

Applications

Adipic acid production (for nylon 6,6)
Caprolactam production (for nylon 6)
Industrial solvent
Paint and varnish solvent

Extraterrestrial Production Pattern

Benzene + 3H₂ → cyclohexane (catalytic hydrogenation)
Ni or Pt catalyst at 150-250°C and 10-30 bar
Highly exothermic reaction
High purity required for nylon applications

Reaction Diagram

C6H6 + 3H2 -> C6H12

Unit Operations

Process steps following chemical engineering unit operation principles

#	Operation	Description
1	Benzene Purification	Remove thiophene and other impurities
2	Hydrogenation	Ni or Pt catalyst at 150-250°C, 10-30 bar
3	Heat Recovery	Cool product against feed
4	Flash Separation	Flash to remove light gases
5	Distillation	Distill to >99.9% cyclohexane
6	Storage	Store under nitrogen blanket

S88 Batch Control Model

ISA-88 BatchML schema — simplified for educational purposes

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ISA-88 Batch Control Model for Cyclohexane -->
<!-- Educational schema - simplified for demonstration -->
<BatchML xmlns="http://www.wbf.org/xml/B2MML-V0600">
  
  <ProcessCell ID="CYCLOHEXANE_PLANT_CELL">
    <Description>Process cell for Cyclohexane production</Description>
    
    <Unit ID="CYCLOHEXANE_PLANT">
      <Description>Main synthesis unit</Description>
      
      <!-- Equipment Modules -->
      <EquipmentModule ID="PURIFIER">
        <Description>Purifier</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="REACTOR">
        <Description>Reactor</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="EXCHANGER">
        <Description>Exchanger</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="FLASH_DRUM">
        <Description>Flash Drum</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="COLUMN">
        <Description>Column</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="STORAGE">
        <Description>Storage</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
    </Unit>
  </ProcessCell>
  
  <MasterRecipe ID="CYCLOHEXANE_PLANT_RECIPE">
    <Description>Master recipe for Cyclohexane</Description>
    <ProductID>CYCLOHEXANE</ProductID>
    
    <UnitProcedure ID="CYCLOHEXANE_PLANT_UP">
      <Description>Unit procedure for synthesis</Description>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_01">
        <Description>Operation 1</Description>
        <Phase ID="PURIFY">
          <Description>Purify phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_02">
        <Description>Operation 2</Description>
        <Phase ID="HYDROGENATE">
          <Description>Hydrogenate phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_03">
        <Description>Operation 3</Description>
        <Phase ID="RECOVER">
          <Description>Recover phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_04">
        <Description>Operation 4</Description>
        <Phase ID="FLASH">
          <Description>Flash phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_05">
        <Description>Operation 5</Description>
        <Phase ID="DISTILL">
          <Description>Distill phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_06">
        <Description>Operation 6</Description>
        <Phase ID="STORE">
          <Description>Store phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
    </UnitProcedure>
  </MasterRecipe>
  
</BatchML>

Process CellPhysical grouping of all production equipment

UnitMajor equipment performing the synthesis

Equipment ModulesIndividual devices: reactors, columns, absorbers

PhasesLowest control level: REACT, SEPARATE, PURIFY

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