Carbon Monoxide

Molecular Structure

Molecular Details

Molecular Formula	CO
Molecular Weight	28.01 g/mol
State	Gas at standard conditions

Olefinverbund Integration

Chemistry & Engineering

Reaction Equation	CO₂ Electrolysis (SOEC) or RWGS
Thermodynamics	Endothermic splitting
Catalyst System	Nickel (RWGS) or Ceramic Cathode (SOEC)
Reactor Class	Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Stack
Process Considerations	Primary vector to energize CO2 for chemical use.

Extraterrestrial Production Pattern

1. Reverse water-gas shift: CO₂ + H₂ → CO + H₂O
2. Solid oxide electrolysis of CO₂
3. Partial oxidation of hydrocarbons
4. Membrane separation for purification

Applications

• Syngas for chemicals (methanol, FT)
• Carbonylation reactions (acetic acid)
• Metal reduction
• Phosgene production

Reaction Diagram

Overall Reaction: C + 1/2 O2 -> CO (or CH4 + H2O -> CO + 3H2)

Unit Operations

Process steps following chemical engineering unit operation principles:

Step	Operation	Description
1	Feed Preparation	Prepare methane or coal feed
2	Steam Reforming	Ni catalyst at 800-1000°C, 15-30 bar
3	Water-Gas Shift	Adjust CO/H₂ ratio with WGS reaction
4	CO₂ Removal	Amine scrubbing or PSA for CO₂
5	Cryogenic Separation	Separate pure CO from H₂
6	Compression	Compress CO for pipeline/storage

S88 Batch Control Model

This module follows the ISA-88 (S88) batch control standard. Below is a simplified BatchML schema for educational purposes:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ISA-88 Batch Control Model for Carbon Monoxide -->
<!-- Educational schema - simplified for demonstration -->
<BatchML xmlns="http://www.wbf.org/xml/B2MML-V0600">
  
  <ProcessCell ID="SYNGAS_CO_CELL">
    <Description>Process cell for Carbon Monoxide production</Description>
    
    <Unit ID="SYNGAS_CO">
      <Description>Main synthesis unit</Description>
      
      <!-- Equipment Modules -->
      <EquipmentModule ID="FEED_SYSTEM">
        <Description>Feed System</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="REFORMER">
        <Description>Reformer</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="SHIFT_REACTOR">
        <Description>Shift Reactor</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="ABSORBER">
        <Description>Absorber</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="COLD_BOX">
        <Description>Cold Box</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="COMPRESSOR">
        <Description>Compressor</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
    </Unit>
  </ProcessCell>
  
  <MasterRecipe ID="SYNGAS_CO_RECIPE">
    <Description>Master recipe for Carbon Monoxide</Description>
    <ProductID>CARBON_MONOXIDE</ProductID>
    
    <UnitProcedure ID="SYNGAS_CO_UP">
      <Description>Unit procedure for synthesis</Description>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_01">
        <Description>Operation 1</Description>
        <Phase ID="PREP">
          <Description>Prep phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_02">
        <Description>Operation 2</Description>
        <Phase ID="REFORM">
          <Description>Reform phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_03">
        <Description>Operation 3</Description>
        <Phase ID="SHIFT">
          <Description>Shift phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_04">
        <Description>Operation 4</Description>
        <Phase ID="REMOVE_CO2">
          <Description>Remove Co2 phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_05">
        <Description>Operation 5</Description>
        <Phase ID="SEPARATE">
          <Description>Separate phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_06">
        <Description>Operation 6</Description>
        <Phase ID="COMPRESS">
          <Description>Compress phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
    </UnitProcedure>
  </MasterRecipe>
  
</BatchML>

**Key S88 Concepts:**
- **Process Cell**: The physical grouping containing all equipment for this process
- **Unit**: The major equipment that performs the synthesis
- **Equipment Modules**: Individual pieces of equipment (reactors, columns, etc.)
- **Unit Procedure**: The sequence of operations to produce the product
- **Phases**: The lowest level of procedural control (e.g., REACT, SEPARATE, PURIFY)

Key S88 Concepts:
• Process Cell: Physical grouping containing all equipment
• Unit: Major equipment performing synthesis
• Equipment Modules: Individual pieces (reactors, columns, etc.)
• Phases: Lowest level of procedural control (REACT, SEPARATE, etc.)

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This Synthesis Module is part of the 100chemicals Olefinverbund — an integrated chemical production network designed for extraterrestrial civilization on Moon and Mars.