Cyclohexane

C₆H₁₂  ·  84.16 g/mol

C₆H₁₂

Intermediate for nylon production

Molecular Weight
84.16 g/mol
State
Liquid
Catalyst
Nickel or Platinum
Reactor
Liquid phase or Vapor ph
Cyclohexane molecular structure
2D structure

Olefinverbund Integration

Inputs
Benzene, **Hydrogen** (Feedstock)
Product
Cyclohexane

Chemistry & Engineering

ReactionC₆H₆ + 3H₂ → C₆H₁₂
ThermodynamicsExothermic hydrogenation
CatalystNickel or Platinum
Reactor classLiquid phase or Vapor phase fixed bed
NoteHigh purity required for Nylon chain.

Applications

  • Adipic acid production (for nylon 6,6)
  • Caprolactam production (for nylon 6)
  • Industrial solvent
  • Paint and varnish solvent

Extraterrestrial Production Pattern

  1. Benzene + 3H₂ → cyclohexane (catalytic hydrogenation)
  2. Ni or Pt catalyst at 150-250°C and 10-30 bar
  3. Highly exothermic reaction
  4. High purity required for nylon applications

Reaction Diagram

C6H6 + 3H2 -> C6H12

Unit Operations

Process steps following chemical engineering unit operation principles

#OperationDescription
1Benzene PurificationRemove thiophene and other impurities
2HydrogenationNi or Pt catalyst at 150-250°C, 10-30 bar
3Heat RecoveryCool product against feed
4Flash SeparationFlash to remove light gases
5DistillationDistill to >99.9% cyclohexane
6StorageStore under nitrogen blanket

S88 Batch Control Model

ISA-88 BatchML schema — simplified for educational purposes

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ISA-88 Batch Control Model for Cyclohexane -->
<!-- Educational schema - simplified for demonstration -->
<BatchML xmlns="http://www.wbf.org/xml/B2MML-V0600">
  
  <ProcessCell ID="CYCLOHEXANE_PLANT_CELL">
    <Description>Process cell for Cyclohexane production</Description>
    
    <Unit ID="CYCLOHEXANE_PLANT">
      <Description>Main synthesis unit</Description>
      
      <!-- Equipment Modules -->
      <EquipmentModule ID="PURIFIER">
        <Description>Purifier</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="REACTOR">
        <Description>Reactor</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="EXCHANGER">
        <Description>Exchanger</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="FLASH_DRUM">
        <Description>Flash Drum</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="COLUMN">
        <Description>Column</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="STORAGE">
        <Description>Storage</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
    </Unit>
  </ProcessCell>
  
  <MasterRecipe ID="CYCLOHEXANE_PLANT_RECIPE">
    <Description>Master recipe for Cyclohexane</Description>
    <ProductID>CYCLOHEXANE</ProductID>
    
    <UnitProcedure ID="CYCLOHEXANE_PLANT_UP">
      <Description>Unit procedure for synthesis</Description>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_01">
        <Description>Operation 1</Description>
        <Phase ID="PURIFY">
          <Description>Purify phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_02">
        <Description>Operation 2</Description>
        <Phase ID="HYDROGENATE">
          <Description>Hydrogenate phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_03">
        <Description>Operation 3</Description>
        <Phase ID="RECOVER">
          <Description>Recover phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_04">
        <Description>Operation 4</Description>
        <Phase ID="FLASH">
          <Description>Flash phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_05">
        <Description>Operation 5</Description>
        <Phase ID="DISTILL">
          <Description>Distill phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_06">
        <Description>Operation 6</Description>
        <Phase ID="STORE">
          <Description>Store phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
    </UnitProcedure>
  </MasterRecipe>
  
</BatchML>
Process CellPhysical grouping of all production equipment
UnitMajor equipment performing the synthesis
Equipment ModulesIndividual devices: reactors, columns, absorbers
PhasesLowest control level: REACT, SEPARATE, PURIFY

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