Hydrazine

N₂H₄ · 32.05 g/mol

N₂H₄

Rocket propellant and reducing agent

Molecular Weight

32.05 g/mol

State

Liquid

Catalyst

Ketone (MEK) used as blo

Reactor

Liquid phase synthesis

Hydrazine molecular structure — 2D structure

Olefinverbund Integration

Inputs

Ammonia, Hydrogen Peroxide

→

Product

Hydrazine

→

Outputs

Rocket Fuel

Chemistry & Engineering

Reaction	`Peroxide Process: 2NH₃ + H₂O₂ → N₂H₄ + 2H₂O`
Thermodynamics	Exothermic
Catalyst	Ketone (MEK) used as blocking agent (Ketazine intermediate)
Reactor class	Liquid phase synthesis
Note	Greener than Raschig (no chloride waste).

Applications

Spacecraft propellant
Boiler water treatment (oxygen scavenger)
Polymer foaming agents
Pharmaceutical intermediates

Extraterrestrial Production Pattern

Raschig: NH₃ + NaOCl → NH₂Cl → N₂H₄
Peroxide process: NH₃ + H₂O₂ → N₂H₄ (ketone catalyzed)
Bayer process with MEK catalyst
Distillation for anhydrous hydrazine

Reaction Diagram

2NH3 + NaOCl -> N2H4 + NaCl + H2O

Unit Operations

Process steps following chemical engineering unit operation principles

#	Operation	Description
1	Ammonia/Hypochlorite Mixing	Mix NH₃ with NaOCl solution (Raschig process)
2	Reaction	React at 5°C with excess NH₃
3	Distillation	Steam distill to recover hydrazine
4	Concentration	Evaporate to concentrate
5	Purification	Remove salt impurities
6	Stabilization	Add stabilizers, store carefully

S88 Batch Control Model

ISA-88 BatchML schema — simplified for educational purposes

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ISA-88 Batch Control Model for Hydrazine -->
<!-- Educational schema - simplified for demonstration -->
<BatchML xmlns="http://www.wbf.org/xml/B2MML-V0600">
  
  <ProcessCell ID="HYDRAZINE_PLANT_CELL">
    <Description>Process cell for Hydrazine production</Description>
    
    <Unit ID="HYDRAZINE_PLANT">
      <Description>Main synthesis unit</Description>
      
      <!-- Equipment Modules -->
      <EquipmentModule ID="MIXER">
        <Description>Mixer</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="REACTOR">
        <Description>Reactor</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="STEAM_STILL">
        <Description>Steam Still</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="EVAPORATOR">
        <Description>Evaporator</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="PURIFIER">
        <Description>Purifier</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="STORAGE">
        <Description>Storage</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
    </Unit>
  </ProcessCell>
  
  <MasterRecipe ID="HYDRAZINE_PLANT_RECIPE">
    <Description>Master recipe for Hydrazine</Description>
    <ProductID>HYDRAZINE</ProductID>
    
    <UnitProcedure ID="HYDRAZINE_PLANT_UP">
      <Description>Unit procedure for synthesis</Description>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_01">
        <Description>Operation 1</Description>
        <Phase ID="MIX">
          <Description>Mix phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_02">
        <Description>Operation 2</Description>
        <Phase ID="REACT">
          <Description>React phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_03">
        <Description>Operation 3</Description>
        <Phase ID="DISTILL">
          <Description>Distill phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_04">
        <Description>Operation 4</Description>
        <Phase ID="CONCENTRATE">
          <Description>Concentrate phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_05">
        <Description>Operation 5</Description>
        <Phase ID="PURIFY">
          <Description>Purify phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_06">
        <Description>Operation 6</Description>
        <Phase ID="STABILIZE">
          <Description>Stabilize phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
    </UnitProcedure>
  </MasterRecipe>
  
</BatchML>

Process CellPhysical grouping of all production equipment

UnitMajor equipment performing the synthesis

Equipment ModulesIndividual devices: reactors, columns, absorbers

PhasesLowest control level: REACT, SEPARATE, PURIFY

0 Kommentare zu „Hydrazine“