Hydrogen Cyanide

HCN · 27.03 g/mol

HCN

Precursor to acrylics, nylon, and specialty chemicals

Molecular Weight

27.03 g/mol

State

Liquid/Gas

Catalyst

Pt-Rh gauze

Reactor

Combustion gauze reactor

Hydrogen Cyanide molecular structure — 2D structure

Olefinverbund Integration

Inputs

**Methane** (Feedstock), Ammonia, **Oxygen** (Feedstock)

→

Product

Hydrogen Cyanide

→

Outputs

Adiponitrile, Acetone Cyanohydrin (MMA), Sodium Cyanide

Chemistry & Engineering

Reaction	`CH₄ + NH₃ + 1.5 O₂ → HCN + 3H₂O (Andrussow)`
Thermodynamics	Exothermic (Andrussow) vs Endothermic (BMA)
Catalyst	Pt-Rh gauze
Reactor class	Combustion gauze reactor
Note	Extreme toxicity. On-site immediate consumption.

Applications

Methyl methacrylate (acetone cyanohydrin route)
Adiponitrile for nylon 6,6
Sodium cyanide for gold extraction
Chelating agents (EDTA)

Extraterrestrial Production Pattern

Andrussow: CH₄ + NH₃ + O₂ → HCN + H₂O (Pt-Rh catalyst)
BMA process: CH₄ + NH₃ → HCN + H₂ (no oxygen)
Operating at 1000-1200°C
Rapid quenching to prevent decomposition

Reaction Diagram

CH4 + NH3 -> HCN + 3H2 (Andrussow process)

Unit Operations

Process steps following chemical engineering unit operation principles

#	Operation	Description
1	Feed Mixing	Mix CH₄, NH₃, and air in proper ratios
2	Andrussow Reaction	Pt-Rh gauze at 1000-1200°C
3	Quenching	Rapid quench to prevent decomposition
4	Absorption	Absorb HCN in water or NaOH
5	Stripping	Strip HCN from absorbent
6	Stabilization	Add H₂SO₄ stabilizer for storage

S88 Batch Control Model

ISA-88 BatchML schema — simplified for educational purposes

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ISA-88 Batch Control Model for Hydrogen Cyanide -->
<!-- Educational schema - simplified for demonstration -->
<BatchML xmlns="http://www.wbf.org/xml/B2MML-V0600">
  
  <ProcessCell ID="HCN_ANDRUSSOW_CELL">
    <Description>Process cell for Hydrogen Cyanide production</Description>
    
    <Unit ID="HCN_ANDRUSSOW">
      <Description>Main synthesis unit</Description>
      
      <!-- Equipment Modules -->
      <EquipmentModule ID="MIXER">
        <Description>Mixer</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="REACTOR">
        <Description>Reactor</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="QUENCHER">
        <Description>Quencher</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="ABSORBER">
        <Description>Absorber</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="STRIPPER">
        <Description>Stripper</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="STORAGE">
        <Description>Storage</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
    </Unit>
  </ProcessCell>
  
  <MasterRecipe ID="HCN_ANDRUSSOW_RECIPE">
    <Description>Master recipe for Hydrogen Cyanide</Description>
    <ProductID>HYDROGEN_CYANIDE</ProductID>
    
    <UnitProcedure ID="HCN_ANDRUSSOW_UP">
      <Description>Unit procedure for synthesis</Description>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_01">
        <Description>Operation 1</Description>
        <Phase ID="MIX">
          <Description>Mix phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_02">
        <Description>Operation 2</Description>
        <Phase ID="REACT">
          <Description>React phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_03">
        <Description>Operation 3</Description>
        <Phase ID="QUENCH">
          <Description>Quench phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_04">
        <Description>Operation 4</Description>
        <Phase ID="ABSORB">
          <Description>Absorb phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_05">
        <Description>Operation 5</Description>
        <Phase ID="STRIP">
          <Description>Strip phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_06">
        <Description>Operation 6</Description>
        <Phase ID="STABILIZE">
          <Description>Stabilize phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
    </UnitProcedure>
  </MasterRecipe>
  
</BatchML>

Process CellPhysical grouping of all production equipment

UnitMajor equipment performing the synthesis

Equipment ModulesIndividual devices: reactors, columns, absorbers

PhasesLowest control level: REACT, SEPARATE, PURIFY

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