Propylene Glycol

CH₃CH(OH)CH₂OH  ·  76.09 g/mol

CH₃CH(OH)CH₂OH

Antifreeze, food additive, and pharmaceutical solvent

Molecular Weight
76.09 g/mol
State
Liquid
Catalyst
None/Thermal (high press
Reactor
Liquid phase hydration r
Propylene Glycol molecular structure
2D structure

Olefinverbund Integration

Inputs
Propylene Oxide, **Water** (Feedstock)
Product
Propylene Glycol
Outputs
Polyesters, Food Additive

Chemistry & Engineering

ReactionC₃H₆O + H₂O → C₃H₈O₂
ThermodynamicsExothermic hydration
CatalystNone/Thermal (high pressure) or Acid
Reactor classLiquid phase hydration reactor
NoteFood-safe antifreeze alternative.

Applications

  • Food-grade antifreeze
  • Pharmaceutical solvent
  • E-cigarette liquid base
  • Cosmetics humectant

Extraterrestrial Production Pattern

  1. Propylene oxide + H₂O → propylene glycol
  2. Non-catalytic hydrolysis at 150-200°C
  3. Excess water to minimize dipropylene glycol
  4. Vacuum distillation for purification

Reaction Diagram

C3H6O + H2O -> CH3CH(OH)CH2OH

Unit Operations

Process steps following chemical engineering unit operation principles

#OperationDescription
1PO/Water MixingMix propylene oxide with water (15:1 H₂O:PO)
2HydrolysisNon-catalytic at 150-200°C, 15-20 bar
3DehydrationMulti-effect evaporation
4MPG DistillationVacuum distill monopropylene glycol
5DPG/TPG RecoveryRecover dipropylene and tripropylene glycol
6FinishingFinal purification for USP grade

S88 Batch Control Model

ISA-88 BatchML schema — simplified for educational purposes

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ISA-88 Batch Control Model for Propylene Glycol -->
<!-- Educational schema - simplified for demonstration -->
<BatchML xmlns="http://www.wbf.org/xml/B2MML-V0600">
  
  <ProcessCell ID="PG_PLANT_CELL">
    <Description>Process cell for Propylene Glycol production</Description>
    
    <Unit ID="PG_PLANT">
      <Description>Main synthesis unit</Description>
      
      <!-- Equipment Modules -->
      <EquipmentModule ID="MIXER">
        <Description>Mixer</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="REACTOR">
        <Description>Reactor</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="EVAPORATOR">
        <Description>Evaporator</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="MPG_COLUMN">
        <Description>Mpg Column</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="DPG_COLUMN">
        <Description>Dpg Column</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="FINISHING">
        <Description>Finishing</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
    </Unit>
  </ProcessCell>
  
  <MasterRecipe ID="PG_PLANT_RECIPE">
    <Description>Master recipe for Propylene Glycol</Description>
    <ProductID>PROPYLENE_GLYCOL</ProductID>
    
    <UnitProcedure ID="PG_PLANT_UP">
      <Description>Unit procedure for synthesis</Description>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_01">
        <Description>Operation 1</Description>
        <Phase ID="MIX">
          <Description>Mix phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_02">
        <Description>Operation 2</Description>
        <Phase ID="HYDROLYZE">
          <Description>Hydrolyze phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_03">
        <Description>Operation 3</Description>
        <Phase ID="EVAPORATE">
          <Description>Evaporate phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_04">
        <Description>Operation 4</Description>
        <Phase ID="DISTILL_MPG">
          <Description>Distill Mpg phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_05">
        <Description>Operation 5</Description>
        <Phase ID="RECOVER_DPG">
          <Description>Recover Dpg phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_06">
        <Description>Operation 6</Description>
        <Phase ID="FINISH">
          <Description>Finish phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
    </UnitProcedure>
  </MasterRecipe>
  
</BatchML>
Process CellPhysical grouping of all production equipment
UnitMajor equipment performing the synthesis
Equipment ModulesIndividual devices: reactors, columns, absorbers
PhasesLowest control level: REACT, SEPARATE, PURIFY

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