Sodium Silicate

Molecular Structure

Molecular Details

Molecular Formula	Na₂SiO₃ (varies with ratio)
Molecular Weight	122.06 g/mol
State	Solid or aqueous solution

Olefinverbund Integration

Chemistry & Engineering

Reaction Equation	Na₂CO₃ + SiO₂ → Na₂SiO₃ + CO₂
Thermodynamics	Endothermic fusion
Catalyst System	None
Reactor Class	Furnace (1400°C)
Process Considerations	Water Glass.

Extraterrestrial Production Pattern

1. Na₂CO₃ + SiO₂ → Na₂SiO₃ + CO₂ (fusion at 1100-1200°C)
2. Dissolution in water under pressure for liquid grades
3. SiO₂:Na₂O ratio controls properties
4. Spray drying for powder grades

Applications

• Adhesives and binders
• Detergent builder
• Cement and refractory binder
• Egg preservation (historical)

Reaction Diagram

Overall Reaction: SiO2 + 2NaOH -> Na2SiO3 + H2O

Unit Operations

Process steps following chemical engineering unit operation principles:

Step	Operation	Description
1	Sand/Soda Mixing	Mix silica sand with Na₂CO₃
2	Fusion	Fuse in furnace at 1400-1500°C
3	Cullet Quenching	Quench molten glass in water
4	Dissolution	Dissolve cullet in water under pressure
5	Filtration	Filter to remove undissolved silica
6	Concentration	Evaporate to desired SiO₂/Na₂O ratio

S88 Batch Control Model

This module follows the ISA-88 (S88) batch control standard. Below is a simplified BatchML schema for educational purposes:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ISA-88 Batch Control Model for Sodium Silicate -->
<!-- Educational schema - simplified for demonstration -->
<BatchML xmlns="http://www.wbf.org/xml/B2MML-V0600">
  
  <ProcessCell ID="SODIUM_SILICATE_PLANT_CELL">
    <Description>Process cell for Sodium Silicate production</Description>
    
    <Unit ID="SODIUM_SILICATE_PLANT">
      <Description>Main synthesis unit</Description>
      
      <!-- Equipment Modules -->
      <EquipmentModule ID="MIXER">
        <Description>Mixer</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="FURNACE">
        <Description>Furnace</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="QUENCH_TANK">
        <Description>Quench Tank</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="AUTOCLAVE">
        <Description>Autoclave</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="FILTER">
        <Description>Filter</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="EVAPORATOR">
        <Description>Evaporator</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
    </Unit>
  </ProcessCell>
  
  <MasterRecipe ID="SODIUM_SILICATE_PLANT_RECIPE">
    <Description>Master recipe for Sodium Silicate</Description>
    <ProductID>SODIUM_SILICATE</ProductID>
    
    <UnitProcedure ID="SODIUM_SILICATE_PLANT_UP">
      <Description>Unit procedure for synthesis</Description>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_01">
        <Description>Operation 1</Description>
        <Phase ID="MIX">
          <Description>Mix phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_02">
        <Description>Operation 2</Description>
        <Phase ID="FUSE">
          <Description>Fuse phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_03">
        <Description>Operation 3</Description>
        <Phase ID="QUENCH">
          <Description>Quench phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_04">
        <Description>Operation 4</Description>
        <Phase ID="DISSOLVE">
          <Description>Dissolve phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_05">
        <Description>Operation 5</Description>
        <Phase ID="FILTER">
          <Description>Filter phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_06">
        <Description>Operation 6</Description>
        <Phase ID="CONCENTRATE">
          <Description>Concentrate phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
    </UnitProcedure>
  </MasterRecipe>
  
</BatchML>

**Key S88 Concepts:**
- **Process Cell**: The physical grouping containing all equipment for this process
- **Unit**: The major equipment that performs the synthesis
- **Equipment Modules**: Individual pieces of equipment (reactors, columns, etc.)
- **Unit Procedure**: The sequence of operations to produce the product
- **Phases**: The lowest level of procedural control (e.g., REACT, SEPARATE, PURIFY)

Key S88 Concepts:
• Process Cell: Physical grouping containing all equipment
• Unit: Major equipment performing synthesis
• Equipment Modules: Individual pieces (reactors, columns, etc.)
• Phases: Lowest level of procedural control (REACT, SEPARATE, etc.)

---

This Synthesis Module is part of the 100chemicals Olefinverbund — an integrated chemical production network designed for extraterrestrial civilization on Moon and Mars.