Toluene Diisocyanate

C₉H₆N₂O₂ · 174.16 g/mol

C₉H₆N₂O₂

Precursor for flexible polyurethane foam

Molecular Weight

174.16 g/mol

State

Liquid

Catalyst

Ni (Hydrogenation)

Reactor

Multiple units

Toluene Diisocyanate molecular structure — 2D structure

Olefinverbund Integration

Inputs

Toluene, Nitric Acid, Phosgene

→

Product

Toluene Diisocyanate

→

Outputs

Polyurethane Foam

Chemistry & Engineering

Reaction	`Nitration -> Hydrogenation -> Phosgenation`
Thermodynamics	Exothermic steps
Catalyst	Ni (Hydrogenation)
Reactor class	Multiple units
Note	Mixture of 2,4 and 2,6 isomers.

Applications

Flexible polyurethane foam
Coatings and elastomers
Adhesives

Extraterrestrial Production Pattern

Toluene → dinitrotoluene (nitration)
Dinitrotoluene → toluenediamine (hydrogenation)
TDA + phosgene → TDI + HCl
Distillation for isomer separation

Reaction Diagram

C6H3(CH3)(NH2)2 + 2COCl2 -> C6H3(CH3)(NCO)2 + 4HCl

Unit Operations

Process steps following chemical engineering unit operation principles

#	Operation	Description
1	TDA Production	Hydrogenate dinitrotoluene to toluenediamine
2	Phosgenation	React TDA with phosgene in chlorobenzene
3	Degassing	Remove HCl and excess phosgene
4	Solvent Stripping	Strip chlorobenzene solvent
5	Isomer Separation	Distill to separate 2,4- and 2,6-TDI
6	Blending	Blend 80/20 or 65/35 isomer ratios

S88 Batch Control Model

ISA-88 BatchML schema — simplified for educational purposes

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ISA-88 Batch Control Model for Toluene Diisocyanate -->
<!-- Educational schema - simplified for demonstration -->
<BatchML xmlns="http://www.wbf.org/xml/B2MML-V0600">
  
  <ProcessCell ID="TDI_PLANT_CELL">
    <Description>Process cell for Toluene Diisocyanate production</Description>
    
    <Unit ID="TDI_PLANT">
      <Description>Main synthesis unit</Description>
      
      <!-- Equipment Modules -->
      <EquipmentModule ID="HYDROGENATOR">
        <Description>Hydrogenator</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="PHOSGENE_REACTOR">
        <Description>Phosgene Reactor</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="DEGASSER">
        <Description>Degasser</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="STRIPPER">
        <Description>Stripper</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="COLUMN">
        <Description>Column</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="BLENDER">
        <Description>Blender</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
    </Unit>
  </ProcessCell>
  
  <MasterRecipe ID="TDI_PLANT_RECIPE">
    <Description>Master recipe for Toluene Diisocyanate</Description>
    <ProductID>TOLUENE_DIISOCYANATE</ProductID>
    
    <UnitProcedure ID="TDI_PLANT_UP">
      <Description>Unit procedure for synthesis</Description>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_01">
        <Description>Operation 1</Description>
        <Phase ID="TDA_PROD">
          <Description>Tda Prod phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_02">
        <Description>Operation 2</Description>
        <Phase ID="PHOSGENATE">
          <Description>Phosgenate phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_03">
        <Description>Operation 3</Description>
        <Phase ID="DEGAS">
          <Description>Degas phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_04">
        <Description>Operation 4</Description>
        <Phase ID="STRIP">
          <Description>Strip phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_05">
        <Description>Operation 5</Description>
        <Phase ID="SEPARATE">
          <Description>Separate phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_06">
        <Description>Operation 6</Description>
        <Phase ID="BLEND">
          <Description>Blend phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
    </UnitProcedure>
  </MasterRecipe>
  
</BatchML>

Process CellPhysical grouping of all production equipment

UnitMajor equipment performing the synthesis

Equipment ModulesIndividual devices: reactors, columns, absorbers

PhasesLowest control level: REACT, SEPARATE, PURIFY

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