Cyclohexanone

C₆H₁₀O · 98.14 g/mol

C₆H₁₀O

Intermediate for caprolactam and adipic acid

Molecular Weight

98.14 g/mol

State

Liquid

Catalyst

Cobalt naphthenate

Reactor

Air oxidation reactor

Cyclohexanone molecular structure — 2D structure

Olefinverbund Integration

Inputs

Cyclohexane, **Oxygen** (Feedstock)

→

Product

Cyclohexanone

→

Outputs

Caprolactam, Adipic Acid

Chemistry & Engineering

Reaction	`C₆H₁₂ + O₂ → Cyclohexanone/Cyclohexanol (KA Oil)`
Thermodynamics	Exothermic oxidation
Catalyst	Cobalt naphthenate
Reactor class	Air oxidation reactor
Note	Low conversion per pass to maximize selectivity.

Applications

Caprolactam synthesis (nylon 6)
Adipic acid production
Solvent for resins and lacquers
Polymer precursor

Extraterrestrial Production Pattern

Cyclohexane + O₂ → cyclohexanol + cyclohexanone (KA oil)
Co or Mn catalyst at 150-160°C
Alternative: phenol hydrogenation
Distillation to separate components

Reaction Diagram

C6H12 + O2 -> C6H10O + H2O

Unit Operations

Process steps following chemical engineering unit operation principles

#	Operation	Description
1	Cyclohexane Feed	Pump cyclohexane to oxidation reactor
2	Liquid-Phase Oxidation	Air oxidation with Co catalyst at 150°C
3	Decomposition	Decompose cyclohexyl hydroperoxide
4	Distillation	Separate cyclohexanone from cyclohexanol
5	Dehydrogenation	Optionally convert alcohol to ketone
6	Purification	Final distillation to >99%

S88 Batch Control Model

ISA-88 BatchML schema — simplified for educational purposes

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ISA-88 Batch Control Model for Cyclohexanone -->
<!-- Educational schema - simplified for demonstration -->
<BatchML xmlns="http://www.wbf.org/xml/B2MML-V0600">
  
  <ProcessCell ID="CYCLOHEXANONE_PLANT_CELL">
    <Description>Process cell for Cyclohexanone production</Description>
    
    <Unit ID="CYCLOHEXANONE_PLANT">
      <Description>Main synthesis unit</Description>
      
      <!-- Equipment Modules -->
      <EquipmentModule ID="PUMP">
        <Description>Pump</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="OXIDIZER">
        <Description>Oxidizer</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="DECOMPOSER">
        <Description>Decomposer</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="COLUMN_1">
        <Description>Column 1</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="DEHYDROGENATOR">
        <Description>Dehydrogenator</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="COLUMN_2">
        <Description>Column 2</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
    </Unit>
  </ProcessCell>
  
  <MasterRecipe ID="CYCLOHEXANONE_PLANT_RECIPE">
    <Description>Master recipe for Cyclohexanone</Description>
    <ProductID>CYCLOHEXANONE</ProductID>
    
    <UnitProcedure ID="CYCLOHEXANONE_PLANT_UP">
      <Description>Unit procedure for synthesis</Description>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_01">
        <Description>Operation 1</Description>
        <Phase ID="FEED">
          <Description>Feed phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_02">
        <Description>Operation 2</Description>
        <Phase ID="OXIDIZE">
          <Description>Oxidize phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_03">
        <Description>Operation 3</Description>
        <Phase ID="DECOMPOSE">
          <Description>Decompose phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_04">
        <Description>Operation 4</Description>
        <Phase ID="DISTILL">
          <Description>Distill phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_05">
        <Description>Operation 5</Description>
        <Phase ID="DEHYDROGENATE">
          <Description>Dehydrogenate phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_06">
        <Description>Operation 6</Description>
        <Phase ID="PURIFY">
          <Description>Purify phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
    </UnitProcedure>
  </MasterRecipe>
  
</BatchML>

Process CellPhysical grouping of all production equipment

UnitMajor equipment performing the synthesis

Equipment ModulesIndividual devices: reactors, columns, absorbers

PhasesLowest control level: REACT, SEPARATE, PURIFY

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