Chlorine

Cl₂ · 70.90 g/mol

Cl₂

Disinfectant and key reagent for chlorinated compounds

Molecular Weight

70.90 g/mol

State

Gas

Catalyst

Dimensionally Stable Ano

Reactor

Membrane Cell Electrolyz

Chlorine molecular structure — 2D structure

Olefinverbund Integration

Inputs

**Sodium Chloride** (Feedstock)

→

Product

Chlorine

→

Outputs

Vinyl Chloride, Phosgene, Epichlorohydrin, Hydrogen Chloride, Methyl Chloride

Chemistry & Engineering

Reaction	`2NaCl + 2H₂O → Cl₂ + H₂ + 2NaOH`
Thermodynamics	Electrolysis (Electrical Energy input)
Catalyst	Dimensionally Stable Anodes (DSA)
Reactor class	Membrane Cell Electrolyzer
Note	Energy intensive (approx 2500 kWh/ton). Co-produces Caustic Soda.

Applications

Water and wastewater disinfection
PVC production (via EDC and VCM)
Bleaching agents (hypochlorite)
Chlorinated solvents

Extraterrestrial Production Pattern

Electrolysis of NaCl brine (membrane or diaphragm cell)
Anode reaction: 2Cl⁻ → Cl₂ + 2e⁻
Collection and compression of chlorine gas
Liquefaction for storage and transport

Reaction Diagram

2NaCl + 2H2O -> Cl2 + 2NaOH + H2

Unit Operations

Process steps following chemical engineering unit operation principles

#	Operation	Description
1	Brine Preparation	Dissolve NaCl to saturation, remove Ca/Mg
2	Electrolysis	Membrane cell at 2-4 V, 3-5 kA/m²
3	Chlorine Drying	Dry Cl₂ with H₂SO₄
4	Compression	Compress Cl₂ for liquefaction
5	Liquefaction	Cool to -35°C at 6-8 bar
6	Hydrogen Treatment	Purify H₂ for sale or fuel

S88 Batch Control Model

ISA-88 BatchML schema — simplified for educational purposes

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ISA-88 Batch Control Model for Chlorine -->
<!-- Educational schema - simplified for demonstration -->
<BatchML xmlns="http://www.wbf.org/xml/B2MML-V0600">
  
  <ProcessCell ID="CHLOR_ALKALI_CELL">
    <Description>Process cell for Chlorine production</Description>
    
    <Unit ID="CHLOR_ALKALI">
      <Description>Main synthesis unit</Description>
      
      <!-- Equipment Modules -->
      <EquipmentModule ID="BRINE_TANK">
        <Description>Brine Tank</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="ELECTROLYZER">
        <Description>Electrolyzer</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="DRYER">
        <Description>Dryer</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="COMPRESSOR">
        <Description>Compressor</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="CONDENSER">
        <Description>Condenser</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="H2_PURIFIER">
        <Description>H2 Purifier</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
    </Unit>
  </ProcessCell>
  
  <MasterRecipe ID="CHLOR_ALKALI_RECIPE">
    <Description>Master recipe for Chlorine</Description>
    <ProductID>CHLORINE</ProductID>
    
    <UnitProcedure ID="CHLOR_ALKALI_UP">
      <Description>Unit procedure for synthesis</Description>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_01">
        <Description>Operation 1</Description>
        <Phase ID="BRINE_PREP">
          <Description>Brine Prep phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_02">
        <Description>Operation 2</Description>
        <Phase ID="ELECTROLYZE">
          <Description>Electrolyze phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_03">
        <Description>Operation 3</Description>
        <Phase ID="DRY">
          <Description>Dry phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_04">
        <Description>Operation 4</Description>
        <Phase ID="COMPRESS">
          <Description>Compress phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_05">
        <Description>Operation 5</Description>
        <Phase ID="LIQUEFY">
          <Description>Liquefy phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_06">
        <Description>Operation 6</Description>
        <Phase ID="H2_TREATMENT">
          <Description>H2 Treatment phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
    </UnitProcedure>
  </MasterRecipe>
  
</BatchML>

Process CellPhysical grouping of all production equipment

UnitMajor equipment performing the synthesis

Equipment ModulesIndividual devices: reactors, columns, absorbers

PhasesLowest control level: REACT, SEPARATE, PURIFY

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