Epichlorohydrin

C₃H₅ClO · 92.52 g/mol

C₃H₅ClO

Precursor for epoxy resins and glycerol

Molecular Weight

92.52 g/mol

State

Liquid

Catalyst

Carboxylic acid for GTE

Reactor

Chlorination reactor

Epichlorohydrin molecular structure — 2D structure

Olefinverbund Integration

Inputs

Propylene, Chlorine

→

Product

Epichlorohydrin

→

Outputs

Epoxy Resin, Glycerol

Chemistry & Engineering

Reaction	`Allyl Chloride route or Glycerol-to-Epiclorohydrin (GTE)`
Thermodynamics	Exothermic steps
Catalyst	Carboxylic acid for GTE
Reactor class	Chlorination reactor
Note	GTE route (reverse of historic) possible if glycerol is abundant.

Applications

Epoxy resin production
Synthetic glycerol
Water treatment chemicals
Ion exchange resins

Extraterrestrial Production Pattern

Propylene chlorination → allyl chloride
Allyl chloride + HOCl → dichlorohydrin
Dehydrochlorination with base → epichlorohydrin
Alternative: glycerol + HCl (bio-based route)

Reaction Diagram

CH2=CHCH2Cl + HOCl -> ClCH2CH(OH)CH2Cl -> C3H5ClO

Unit Operations

Process steps following chemical engineering unit operation principles

#	Operation	Description
1	Allyl Chloride Production	Chlorinate propylene at 500°C
2	Chlorohydrination	React allyl chloride with HOCl
3	Dehydrochlorination	Ca(OH)₂ treatment to form epoxide ring
4	Phase Separation	Separate organic from aqueous phase
5	Distillation	Distill to >99% epichlorohydrin
6	Waste Treatment	Treat chlorinated byproduct streams

S88 Batch Control Model

ISA-88 BatchML schema — simplified for educational purposes

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ISA-88 Batch Control Model for Epichlorohydrin -->
<!-- Educational schema - simplified for demonstration -->
<BatchML xmlns="http://www.wbf.org/xml/B2MML-V0600">
  
  <ProcessCell ID="EPICHLOROHYDRIN_PLANT_CELL">
    <Description>Process cell for Epichlorohydrin production</Description>
    
    <Unit ID="EPICHLOROHYDRIN_PLANT">
      <Description>Main synthesis unit</Description>
      
      <!-- Equipment Modules -->
      <EquipmentModule ID="CHLORINATOR">
        <Description>Chlorinator</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="CHLOROHYDRINATOR">
        <Description>Chlorohydrinator</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="LIME_REACTOR">
        <Description>Lime Reactor</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="DECANTER">
        <Description>Decanter</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="COLUMN">
        <Description>Column</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="WASTE_TREATMENT">
        <Description>Waste Treatment</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
    </Unit>
  </ProcessCell>
  
  <MasterRecipe ID="EPICHLOROHYDRIN_PLANT_RECIPE">
    <Description>Master recipe for Epichlorohydrin</Description>
    <ProductID>EPICHLOROHYDRIN</ProductID>
    
    <UnitProcedure ID="EPICHLOROHYDRIN_PLANT_UP">
      <Description>Unit procedure for synthesis</Description>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_01">
        <Description>Operation 1</Description>
        <Phase ID="CHLORINATE">
          <Description>Chlorinate phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_02">
        <Description>Operation 2</Description>
        <Phase ID="CHLOROHYDRINATE">
          <Description>Chlorohydrinate phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_03">
        <Description>Operation 3</Description>
        <Phase ID="DEHYDROCHLOR">
          <Description>Dehydrochlor phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_04">
        <Description>Operation 4</Description>
        <Phase ID="SEPARATE">
          <Description>Separate phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_05">
        <Description>Operation 5</Description>
        <Phase ID="DISTILL">
          <Description>Distill phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_06">
        <Description>Operation 6</Description>
        <Phase ID="TREAT">
          <Description>Treat phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
    </UnitProcedure>
  </MasterRecipe>
  
</BatchML>

Process CellPhysical grouping of all production equipment

UnitMajor equipment performing the synthesis

Equipment ModulesIndividual devices: reactors, columns, absorbers

PhasesLowest control level: REACT, SEPARATE, PURIFY

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