Glycerol

HOCH₂CH(OH)CH₂OH · 92.09 g/mol

HOCH₂CH(OH)CH₂OH

Humectant, sweetener, and chemical intermediate

Molecular Weight

92.09 g/mol

State

Liquid

Catalyst

NaOH (Stoichiometric or

Reactor

Stirred tank reactors in

Glycerol molecular structure — 2D structure

Olefinverbund Integration

Inputs

Epichlorohydrin, Sodium Hydroxide

→

Product

Glycerol

→

Outputs

Nitroglycerin, Alkyd Resins

Chemistry & Engineering

Reaction	`Hydrolysis of Epichlorohydrin`
Thermodynamics	Exothermic hydrolysis
Catalyst	NaOH (Stoichiometric or catalytic depending on route)
Reactor class	Stirred tank reactors in series
Note	Synthetic route preferred if fats/oils are scarce.

Applications

Food and pharmaceutical humectant
Personal care products
Nitroglycerin production
Polyols for polyurethanes

Extraterrestrial Production Pattern

Epichlorohydrin + NaOH → glycerol (synthetic)
Biodiesel byproduct (transesterification of fats)
Propylene → allyl alcohol → glycerol route
Purification by distillation and ion exchange

Reaction Diagram

Triglyceride + 3NaOH -> 3 Soap + Glycerol

Unit Operations

Process steps following chemical engineering unit operation principles

#	Operation	Description
1	Fat Saponification	React fats with NaOH at 100°C
2	Soap Separation	Separate soap from glycerol water
3	Evaporation	Concentrate crude glycerol
4	Distillation	Vacuum distillation for purification
5	Decolorization	Activated carbon treatment
6	Ion Exchange	Final polishing for USP grade

S88 Batch Control Model

ISA-88 BatchML schema — simplified for educational purposes

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ISA-88 Batch Control Model for Glycerol -->
<!-- Educational schema - simplified for demonstration -->
<BatchML xmlns="http://www.wbf.org/xml/B2MML-V0600">
  
  <ProcessCell ID="GLYCEROL_PLANT_CELL">
    <Description>Process cell for Glycerol production</Description>
    
    <Unit ID="GLYCEROL_PLANT">
      <Description>Main synthesis unit</Description>
      
      <!-- Equipment Modules -->
      <EquipmentModule ID="SAPONIFIER">
        <Description>Saponifier</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="SEPARATOR">
        <Description>Separator</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="EVAPORATOR">
        <Description>Evaporator</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="VACUUM_STILL">
        <Description>Vacuum Still</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="CARBON_FILTER">
        <Description>Carbon Filter</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="ION_EXCHANGE">
        <Description>Ion Exchange</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
    </Unit>
  </ProcessCell>
  
  <MasterRecipe ID="GLYCEROL_PLANT_RECIPE">
    <Description>Master recipe for Glycerol</Description>
    <ProductID>GLYCEROL</ProductID>
    
    <UnitProcedure ID="GLYCEROL_PLANT_UP">
      <Description>Unit procedure for synthesis</Description>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_01">
        <Description>Operation 1</Description>
        <Phase ID="SAPONIFY">
          <Description>Saponify phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_02">
        <Description>Operation 2</Description>
        <Phase ID="SEPARATE">
          <Description>Separate phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_03">
        <Description>Operation 3</Description>
        <Phase ID="EVAPORATE">
          <Description>Evaporate phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_04">
        <Description>Operation 4</Description>
        <Phase ID="DISTILL">
          <Description>Distill phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_05">
        <Description>Operation 5</Description>
        <Phase ID="DECOLORIZE">
          <Description>Decolorize phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_06">
        <Description>Operation 6</Description>
        <Phase ID="POLISH">
          <Description>Polish phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
    </UnitProcedure>
  </MasterRecipe>
  
</BatchML>

Process CellPhysical grouping of all production equipment

UnitMajor equipment performing the synthesis

Equipment ModulesIndividual devices: reactors, columns, absorbers

PhasesLowest control level: REACT, SEPARATE, PURIFY

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