Phosgene

COCl₂ · 98.92 g/mol

COCl₂

Carbonylating agent for polycarbonate and isocyanates

Molecular Weight

98.92 g/mol

State

Gas

Catalyst

Activated Carbon

Reactor

Tubular fixed bed

Phosgene molecular structure — 2D structure

Olefinverbund Integration

Inputs

Carbon Monoxide, Chlorine

→

Product

Phosgene

→

Outputs

Polycarbonate, Toluene Diisocyanate, Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate

Chemistry & Engineering

Reaction	`CO + Cl₂ → COCl₂`
Thermodynamics	Exothermic
Catalyst	Activated Carbon
Reactor class	Tubular fixed bed
Note	Deadly. Produced and consumed in closed loop.

Applications

Polycarbonate production
Isocyanates (MDI, TDI) for polyurethanes
Pharmaceutical intermediates
Agricultural chemicals

Extraterrestrial Production Pattern

CO + Cl₂ → COCl₂ (over activated carbon catalyst)
Operating at 50-150°C
Highly exothermic reaction
On-site production due to extreme toxicity

Reaction Diagram

CO + Cl2 -> COCl2

Unit Operations

Process steps following chemical engineering unit operation principles

#	Operation	Description
1	CO/Cl₂ Feed	Dry and meter CO and Cl₂ gases
2	Catalytic Reaction	Activated carbon catalyst at 50-150°C
3	Condensation	Condense phosgene (bp 8°C)
4	Purification	Remove dissolved Cl₂ and CO
5	Storage	Store as liquid under pressure or use immediately
6	Destruction	Caustic destruction of off-spec material

S88 Batch Control Model

ISA-88 BatchML schema — simplified for educational purposes

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ISA-88 Batch Control Model for Phosgene -->
<!-- Educational schema - simplified for demonstration -->
<BatchML xmlns="http://www.wbf.org/xml/B2MML-V0600">
  
  <ProcessCell ID="PHOSGENE_PLANT_CELL">
    <Description>Process cell for Phosgene production</Description>
    
    <Unit ID="PHOSGENE_PLANT">
      <Description>Main synthesis unit</Description>
      
      <!-- Equipment Modules -->
      <EquipmentModule ID="DRYERS">
        <Description>Dryers</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="REACTOR">
        <Description>Reactor</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="CONDENSER">
        <Description>Condenser</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="SCRUBBER">
        <Description>Scrubber</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="STORAGE">
        <Description>Storage</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="CAUSTIC_SYSTEM">
        <Description>Caustic System</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
    </Unit>
  </ProcessCell>
  
  <MasterRecipe ID="PHOSGENE_PLANT_RECIPE">
    <Description>Master recipe for Phosgene</Description>
    <ProductID>PHOSGENE</ProductID>
    
    <UnitProcedure ID="PHOSGENE_PLANT_UP">
      <Description>Unit procedure for synthesis</Description>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_01">
        <Description>Operation 1</Description>
        <Phase ID="FEED">
          <Description>Feed phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_02">
        <Description>Operation 2</Description>
        <Phase ID="REACT">
          <Description>React phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_03">
        <Description>Operation 3</Description>
        <Phase ID="CONDENSE">
          <Description>Condense phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_04">
        <Description>Operation 4</Description>
        <Phase ID="PURIFY">
          <Description>Purify phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_05">
        <Description>Operation 5</Description>
        <Phase ID="STORE">
          <Description>Store phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_06">
        <Description>Operation 6</Description>
        <Phase ID="DESTRUCT">
          <Description>Destruct phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
    </UnitProcedure>
  </MasterRecipe>
  
</BatchML>

Process CellPhysical grouping of all production equipment

UnitMajor equipment performing the synthesis

Equipment ModulesIndividual devices: reactors, columns, absorbers

PhasesLowest control level: REACT, SEPARATE, PURIFY

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