Sodium Hydroxide

NaOH · 40.00 g/mol

NaOH

Caustic alkali for countless industrial processes

Molecular Weight

40.00 g/mol

State

Solid

Catalyst

Membrane (Nafion)

Reactor

Cell stack

Sodium Hydroxide molecular structure — 2D structure

Olefinverbund Integration

Inputs

**Sodium Chloride** (Feedstock), **Water** (Feedstock)

→

Product

Sodium Hydroxide

→

Outputs

Sodium Hypochlorite, Glycerol, Epichlorohydrin

Chemistry & Engineering

Reaction	`Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis`
Thermodynamics	Driven by electricity
Catalyst	Membrane (Nafion)
Reactor class	Cell stack
Note	Produced as 33% or 50% solution.

Applications

Pulp and paper production
Soap and detergent manufacturing
Alumina refining (Bayer process)
Chemical synthesis and pH control

Extraterrestrial Production Pattern

Electrolysis of NaCl brine (membrane cell technology)
Cathode reaction: 2H₂O + 2e⁻ → H₂ + 2OH⁻
Combination with Na⁺ migrating through membrane
Evaporation for concentrated solution or solid

Reaction Diagram

2NaCl + 2H2O -> 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2

Unit Operations

Process steps following chemical engineering unit operation principles

#	Operation	Description
1	Brine Preparation	Saturate and purify NaCl brine
2	Electrolysis	Membrane cell electrolysis
3	NaOH Concentration	Evaporate to 50% NaOH
4	Further Concentration	Evaporate to 70-73% if needed
5	Flaking	Cool molten NaOH on drum for solid flakes
6	Storage	Store under inert atmosphere

S88 Batch Control Model

ISA-88 BatchML schema — simplified for educational purposes

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ISA-88 Batch Control Model for Sodium Hydroxide -->
<!-- Educational schema - simplified for demonstration -->
<BatchML xmlns="http://www.wbf.org/xml/B2MML-V0600">
  
  <ProcessCell ID="CAUSTIC_PRODUCTION_CELL">
    <Description>Process cell for Sodium Hydroxide production</Description>
    
    <Unit ID="CAUSTIC_PRODUCTION">
      <Description>Main synthesis unit</Description>
      
      <!-- Equipment Modules -->
      <EquipmentModule ID="BRINE_SYSTEM">
        <Description>Brine System</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="ELECTROLYZER">
        <Description>Electrolyzer</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="EVAPORATOR_1">
        <Description>Evaporator 1</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="EVAPORATOR_2">
        <Description>Evaporator 2</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="FLAKER">
        <Description>Flaker</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
      <EquipmentModule ID="STORAGE_TANK">
        <Description>Storage Tank</Description>
      </EquipmentModule>
    </Unit>
  </ProcessCell>
  
  <MasterRecipe ID="CAUSTIC_PRODUCTION_RECIPE">
    <Description>Master recipe for Sodium Hydroxide</Description>
    <ProductID>SODIUM_HYDROXIDE</ProductID>
    
    <UnitProcedure ID="CAUSTIC_PRODUCTION_UP">
      <Description>Unit procedure for synthesis</Description>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_01">
        <Description>Operation 1</Description>
        <Phase ID="BRINE_PREP">
          <Description>Brine Prep phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_02">
        <Description>Operation 2</Description>
        <Phase ID="ELECTROLYZE">
          <Description>Electrolyze phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_03">
        <Description>Operation 3</Description>
        <Phase ID="EVAPORATE_1">
          <Description>Evaporate 1 phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_04">
        <Description>Operation 4</Description>
        <Phase ID="EVAPORATE_2">
          <Description>Evaporate 2 phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_05">
        <Description>Operation 5</Description>
        <Phase ID="FLAKE">
          <Description>Flake phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
      
      <Operation ID="OP_06">
        <Description>Operation 6</Description>
        <Phase ID="STORE">
          <Description>Store phase</Description>
          <PhaseLogic>
            <Step ID="STEP_1"><Action>Initialize</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_2"><Action>Execute</Action></Step>
            <Step ID="STEP_3"><Action>Complete</Action></Step>
          </PhaseLogic>
        </Phase>
      </Operation>
    </UnitProcedure>
  </MasterRecipe>
  
</BatchML>

Process CellPhysical grouping of all production equipment

UnitMajor equipment performing the synthesis

Equipment ModulesIndividual devices: reactors, columns, absorbers

PhasesLowest control level: REACT, SEPARATE, PURIFY

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